「用」を伴う日中同形動詞について : 「使用／利用／運用」と“使用／利用／?用”を例に

Abstract

This paper examines the similarities and differences in semantics and usage of Sino-Japanese homographic verbs with the semantic factor “use”(用). Specifically, this study focuses on six verbs: the Japanese verbs “Shiy?”(使用), “Riy?”(利用), and “Uny?”(運用), and their Chinese counterparts “Shiyong”(使用), “Liyong”(利用) and “Yunyong”(?用). By analyzing corpus data and generating word clouds of frequently collocating nouns, the study compares and contrasts these verbs. In the semantic and usage analysis, fundamental concepts from cognitive semantics, such as “prototype” and “semantic frame,” are utilized to capture the similarities and differences among the six verbs as a whole. Specifically, both “Shiy?”(使用) in Japanese and “Shiyong”(使用) in Chinese typically involve event types related to <concrete objects used as tools>. Both “Riy?”(利用) and “Liyong”(利用) can appear in contexts with negative connotations. Additionally, nouns denoting facilities and transportation, which inherently signify <functionality>, generally do not collocate with “Shiy?”(使用) but rather with “Riy?”(利用). This tendency can be attributed to the fact that such nouns can be perceived as <services>, and <utilization of services> is a typical event type unique to “Riy?”(利用). On the other hand, “Uny?”(運用) and “Yunyong”(?用) exhibit notable differences. The typical event type associated with “Uny?”(運用) focuses on the management and operation of the object itself, whereas “Yunyong”(?用) shares similarities with “Shiyong”(使用) and “Liyong”(利用) as all three verbs center around <achieving a purpose>. Moreover, “Yunyong”(?用) can indicate application in other domains, which is further evidenced by its ability to function as a ditransitive verb.