トップレベルのスポーツ選手の視覚機能と競技力の関係

Abstract

わが国のトップレベルにあるスポーツ選手116名(ボールゲーム)を対象にして,11項目の視覚機能を調査した。調査対象を監督,コーチの合議によりA,B,Cランクにわけ各群の視覚機能を比較した。その結果,A>B>Cの順で視覚機能が優れており競技力との間に関係がみられた。Aランクは11項目のうち,10項目においてB,Cランクより優れていた。AランクとCランクの差は明らかであったが,AとBランク,BとCランクの差はそれに比較して少なかった。Aランクは動体視力,焦点調節,深視力,眼と手の協応動作の4項目でB,Cランクより優れており,これらの視覚機能はボールゲームの状況判断の知覚的部分において重要な働きをしているものと考えられた。

11 items of visual function ability of 116 top level ball game players in Japan were investigated. The athletic ability were classified into 3 groups, A, B and C based on judgment of manager and coach. The results are as follows : About the visual functions, "A" group took the first place then "B" group and "C" came to last. "A" group was superiore to "B" and "C" by 10 out of 11 visual function items. The differences of visual ability were large between "A" group and "C" group. In compared with this, however, the deference of visual ability between "A" and "B", and between "B" and "C" were small. Kinetic visual Acuity, Accommodation, Depth Perception and Eye-Hand Coordination of "A" group were statistically and significantly superiore to "B" group and "C" group. It was considered that these visual functions are important in perceptual part of the circumstanical judgment in the ball game.